Nonparental Child Care and Its Impact on Child Development

Nonparental Child Care amp; Its Impact on Child Development LaTonya W. Boyd SOC 312 Instructor Steven Peters 11/28/11 The last century has brought about an increase in the female working populations. Included in this population are mothers who previously provided care for their pre-school aged children. Because of this drastic change, the need for non parental child care has also increased. In this paper, I will discuss the three types of non parental child care and their influence on the psychological, social and cognitive development of the children who attend. Child care is not a one-size-fit-all service. Because of this, families seek outside care for their children based on their needs, philosophy, knowledge, and†¦show more content†¦These findings will differ based on the person’s philosophy conducting the study, the era in which it is conducted, and the parameters of the study. â€Å"Scientists like to think that they can provide useful answers to society s pressing questions, but the truth is, some questions simply can t be answered definitively by science. The question about the effects of daycare may be one of those questions† (Shpancer, 2010). .However, some facts can be used as a valid point of reference regarding child care influences. Many studies have been conducted regarding the impact on the psychological development of children in non parental care. â€Å"The cultural ideal still strongly favors maternal care of young infants and children† (Shpancer, 2010); however, this is not a luxury most parents can enjoy. Some studies show that children in home care with a relative, friend or sitter tend to have a stronger attachment relationship with the primary caregiver. They may experience a greater level of separation anxiety and are less self sufficient. These children may have issues transitioning into a formal school setting because they are used to being alone with one adult. Children exposed to family home care situations or center based care are said to sometimes experience insecure attachment. They may be indifferent to caregivers and exhibit aggression. However a review by Lamb and Ahnert of conducted studies indicate that â€Å"nonShow MoreRelatedNon-Parental Child Care857 Words   |  4 Pa gesNon-Parental Child Care A handsome young American couple decides to get married after being romantically involved for just two short years. A few months following their wedding day, the couple decides to have a baby. About one year after conception, the couple is seen embracing the very light of their lives as they hold their baby girl. Although it seems life could not be any better for the couple, they realize that the father’s sole income is not enough to support the entire family. The coupleRead MoreSupplemental Childcare Program Essay examples1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreliance on childcare has risen significantly over the past 30 years. In 1993, 9.9 million children under age 5, needed care while their mothers worked (Bureau of the Census, 1995). More than two-thirds of all infants receive nonparental child care during their first year of life, with most enrolled for about 30 hours each week (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 1995). There are many different programs in the United States that provide extended day childcare for working parentsRead MoreLev Vygotsky s Theory Of Cultural Development Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching and publishing literary works, and finally turning his attention to fundamental questions of human development and learning, where he made his biggest impact in the psychological field. Vygotsky proposed a general genetic law of cultural development in which cognitive function occurs on two planes: first on the social (between individuals), followed by the individual (internalized by the child) (Bjorklund, 2005). For a number of years, his theory mainly gained attention in Russia and Eastern EuropeRead MoreThe Effects of Child Care on Development1883 Words   |  8 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF CHILD CARE 1 A variety of changes in the world have demanded an increase in the need for child care. Some of theses changes include migration, poverty, and urbanization. These economic and societal changes are forcing more and more woman into the workforce. Among these are young women and mothers. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s there was a major increase in the need for child care. In March of 1970, 26% of mothers with children under the age of 2 were working outside the home. ByRead MoreHuman Relationships With Considerations Of The Implications For Attachment Theory1594 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships with considerations of the implications for attachment theory. Bowbly (1959) explains the child’s emotional regulation and attachment to the primary caretaker, as a result of the caretaker’s continues responsiveness and a strategy of the child to keep the primary caretaker close to ensure survival during evolutionary times. It adapts to fit into the appropriate evolutionary niche. This internal working model creates the four main types of attachment: the insecure-avoidant (A) attachmentRead MoreWorking Mother Vs. Stay-At-Home Mother1800 Words   |  8 Pageschoices, whether it’d be staying at home or continuing to work following the birth of their child; the choices they make can have different effects on everything around them, from the development of her child to their very own mental health. In the United States, financial necessity has been the general reason in which women have decided to work (Siegel and Hass 523). Many of us know how expensive raising a child can be which is why many mothers decide to enter the work force for the first time orRead MoreSocialization Outside The Home Is Beneficial For A Child s Social And Academic Development Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pageschild’s social and academic development, the long-term benefits are a topic of controversy among many. Barnett (1995) found that early childhood programs can have large short-term benefits for children and sizable long-term effects on school achievement, grade retention, placement in special education, and social adjustment. He obtained these results through a study assessing 36 studies divided into two categories. In 15 of the studies, researchers developed their own child-care programs to study the effectsRead MoreBeing A Youth Mentor, Future Social Worker, And Concerned Citizen1823 Words   |  8 Pagestheir implications, and more specific to the population I researched, insecure attachments in the children of incarcerated mothers. It’s important to note that many variables contribute to a child’s attachment style and future behaviors, and that the child of an incarcerated mother will not automatically develop insecure attachments. Much of our knowledge of maternal bonding and attachment stems from the research of psychologist Harry Harlow and psychoanalyst John Bowlby. Harlow studied the mechanismsRead MorePreschool Programs And The Universal Preschool2914 Words   |  12 Pagesreadiness. The term universal preschool means that preschool programs are available to any child in a given state, regardless of family income, children’s abilities, or any other factors (Colker). Like Kindergarten in most states, the concept of the Universal Preschool Movement is to have a voluntary program, unlike compulsory elementary. Universal preschool would make preschool programs available to any child in a given state, regardless of family income, children’s abilities, or other factors. Several

Abortion is a Murder Essay - 721 Words

A long on-going subject that has been greatly debated in our society is abortion. Many people argue that because the baby in the mother’s womb is not alive, aborting him or her is not considered a murder. However, others say that as the baby’s heart and brain are the first things to develop, the baby is technically alive and killing it would be a murder. As soon as the baby has a heartbeat, it has life. Abortion has many characteristics of a murder, including the killing of one human being by another, it’s unethical, and it is done without the consent of the person. Murder is often defined as the killing of one human being by another. Most societies consider murder to be the most serious crime that is righteous of the harshest and†¦show more content†¦Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy that is often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. As life begins at conception, unborn babies are human beings and thus have the rig ht to life. The federal Unborn Victim Of Violence Act that was made to protect unborn babies from murder states that anybody intentionally killing an unborn baby should be punished for killing a human being. Abortion is a murder because it is taking away someone’s life. Even though the baby isn’t born yet, the fetus in the mother’s womb still feels pain while being aborted. No person, not even a mother, has the right to hurt someone. To keep a child, who can’t even speak, from growing and from living is a murder. Abortion is tremendously unethical, just like murder is highly immoral. Many religions oppose the idea of abortion; Christianity considers abortion to be a sin under all circumstances; Hinduism considers abortion to be a form of violence. In addition, when the woman decides to have a sexual intercourse with a man without any proper use of contraception, she knows that pregnancy will result. If the mother did not want the baby in the first place o r if she could not take on the responsibility of the baby, then she should not get pregnant just to later on kill the unborn innocent child in her womb. Abortion can not only harm the baby, but can also cause physical and psychological damageShow MoreRelatedAbortion Is Murder1062 Words   |  4 Pages ABORTION IS MURDER â€Å"There are nearly 1.2 million abortions performed in the United States each year† (Operation Rescue, 2014). That was 1.2 million innocent lives that were ended before they even had a chance to begin. Abortion has been legal for decades now, and it is time to put a stop to all the murdering of unborn children. This senseless killing of an unborn child needs to be recognized for what it truly is, and that is legalized murder. Abortions should be made illegal in the United StatesRead MoreAbortion: Is It Murder?1524 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is an extremely controversial issue and one that many people can have very strong feelings for on both sides of the debate. Those who support abortion rights argue that it is a woman’s choice what to do with her body. Although, the unborn baby inside a woman is still a person living, and terminating that pregnancy is the same thing as murder. No one should have the choice to commit murder. Abortion is honestly wrong because t he laws prohibiting abortion help to keep people from playing GodRead MoreIs Abortion A Murder?3072 Words   |  13 Pages Abortion is Murder Numerous times throughout the past, a woman has wept herself to sleep or woke up in the middle of the night with horrible panic attacks that she cannot seem to overcome. She lives with such guilt and wonders what life would be like today if only she had made a different choice. Life is full of choices, and unfortunately people sometimes make choices that will haunt them for the rest of their lives. The saddest part is that many times we allow other people to influence the choicesRead More Abortion is Not Murder Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is Not Murder Is abortion murder?   Murder is defined as illegal killing with malice aforethought. Abortion fails this definition for two reasons. First, abortion is not illegal, and second, there is no evidence to suggest that expecting mothers feel malice towards their own flesh and blood. Not all killing is murder, of course. Murder is actually a small subset of all killing, which includes accidental homicide, killing in self-defense, suicide, euthanasia, etc. When pro-lifeRead MoreAbortion Is Murder Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages The topic of abortion is an extremely controversial issue in todays society, there are many separate views on the morality of it. Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy (â€Å"Abortion†). In other words, it is the murder of an unborn child. Throughout the past there has been several court cases related to abortion, in attempt to resolve the debate. For example, Roe v. Wade declared that unborn children are neither ‘persons’ nor are they entitledRead MoreAbortion: Murder or Necessity766 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Murder or Necessity Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before it is viable. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. Abortion, when induced in accordance with the local law, is among the safest procedures in medicine. However, unsafe abortions (those performed by persons without proper training or outside of a medical environment)Read MoreAbortion Is Not The Murder Of An Infant1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent perspective on abortion. The first written works of Christianity states â€Å"You shall not kill the embryo by abortion and shall not cause the newborn to perish.† In the early Christianity, abortion was prohibited. The early church leader who had agreed on abortion stated: â€Å"that if an abortion was performed to hide the consequences of fornication and adultery, then it was a sin that required penance.† This lit the sp arks between Christians on whether abortion was considered a murder or not. â€Å"St.AugustineRead MoreShould Abortion Be Murder?868 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is Murder Have you ever lost a loved one or someone that meant a lot to you? If so, how did that make you feel? I’m sure you felt heartbroken or lost and you didn’t know what you were going to do. Imagine how you would feel if you were trying to bring a loved one into this world but you couldn’t. It wasn’t because you didn’t want to, it’s was because you were physically not able to. There are many women who want to have kids and make their family grow but because of their health issues theyRead MoreAbortion Is An Act Of Murder? Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesmother’s womb when the mothers decide to have an abortion. There is much controversy regarding abortion as a whole. Abortion is a procedure that terminates any pregnancy (Dictionary.com). When discussing abortion, some would say the beginning of life started once an infant took his or her first breath during delivery and others would say life began the second they were formed in its motherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s womb. Based on either viewpoint, is abortion considered an act of murder? A pro-abortionist considers life to beginRead More Abortion is Murder Essay506 Words   |  3 Pagesside of this argument says that abortion should be kept legal for cases in which the baby’s birth endangers the life of the mother. This is an argument that is basically trying to create sympathy among uneducated voters to try to woo them to the pro-choice side of the argument and to elect pro-choice politicians. This is a dirty trick because they are fighting a battle that has already been won, because even in pre-legalized times in states that prohibited abortion such as Texas there were exceptions

A portfolios country exposure management Free Essays

The episode of modern-globalization is one characterized by new sources of global funds flow. Multinational enterprises from developing countries are now starting to make investments from other developing countries. This has produced positive effects both for the private sector and policy makers in a given developed together with developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on A portfolios country exposure management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The theoretical framework adopted by these developing countries is that based on the ownership/location/internationalization (OLI) theory. This paper deals with the issues of export expansion and prolific capacity creation in developing countries. It tends to provide an analytical framework to help in understanding the internationalization process of enterprises in the developing countries. It further applies this framework to analyze the experiences of such enterprises. House-hold appliances producers are also moving towards rising economies either by use of the off-shore practices from OECD-based companies or by use of the coming out and fast internationalization of innovative brand producers in up coming countries themselves (Rodriguez, 2007). This paper helps us understand the diversities of corporate strategies and those at the back of the internationalization process. An astounding and typical feature of this new wave of internationalization process is its speed and the capacity of the latecomers companies to leverage on the prospect for learning presented by a more unified economy. These latecomer companies were able to leverage their strategic partnership with recognized MNEs to improve their operations and hence were able to move from production of simple goods into products lines made using their own design, branding and marketing. They always take global competition as an opening to build on their capacities and shift into further cost-effective industry fragments. The latecomer companies are mainly able to internationalize and to take hold of resources and have a competitive advantage over other firms. This is a producer-driven global value chain marked by advance technology and speedy delocalization to developing countries, where not only production costs are lower but demand growth rates are higher. It is expected that the established growth in developing countries tend to determinate and recompense for the slow demand in OECD countries, where market infiltration rate is higher and the market is driven strictly by demand for substitutes. Their experience has shown throughout that there are still many strategies and ways for going global. The good example of firms which were able to successfully improve their operations consists of the Mabe in Mexico, Arcelik in Turkey and Haier in China. The latecomer’s firms have found innovate new ways of harmonizing their strategies which involved providing contract services, licensing new technology and forming joint ventures and strategic alliances. Through implementation of these strategies, latecomers firms were able to secure a place which is developing in global economy as they were able to leverage resources from the strength of others (Rodriguez, 2007). These internationalization strategies formed a basis for exit from the traditional view on globalization as it was intended to enhance the firm’s resource base as opposed to exploitation of existing asset a view highly held by traditional firms. The sources of corporate strength have changed from the capacity to control cost for a given product to been able to learn how to mingle and remerge assets to create new business and concentrate on new markets. How to cite A portfolios country exposure management, Essays

Analyzing Organizational Development Of Yellow Auto Company - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing Organizational Development Of Yellow Auto Company. Answer: Introduction The report here discusses about an organizational analysis of Yellow Auto Company. The company was initially built by Deniz Sale in Bergama in the year 1989 whosemanagement was later took over by his sons, Can and Caner Sale. The company is a car dealer of popular global brand Renault. The owners of the company are its shareholders and financial support comes from the assets of the two brothers. However, the company has two stores located in Cambidi and Gaziemir and focuses on selling cars in different locations. The company provides two kinds of car markets, one that deals with models that have higher market demand and the second deals with customized models of cars. The manager of the company looks after three most important departments that includes sales, finance and after sales service. The company believes in the initiation of face-to-face communication for attracting clients and takes care of customer satisfaction. However, the lack of an organizational chart or documentation related to responsibilities and authority allocation is the main reason for intervention in the problems and decisions of the company. The report identifies the opportunities for the organizational development of Yellow Auto Company. The report also presents a SWOT analysis of the chosen company. There are also recommendations, assumptions and justifications provided in the report. Issues Related to the Company In the year 2001, the top managers of Yellow Auto Company made a risky decision under serious economic crisis conditions of Turkey (Chor Manova, 2012). The entire process of change involved top managers making a lot of analysis on the psychological factors of the employees. The managers even asked for external assistance from university in turkey to provide assistance for successful running of the process of policy change. Thus, the report will analyze the case study of the Yellow Auto Company and ensure organizational developmen from the psychological perspective. Decisions Implemented By the Company Yellow Auto Company made several assumptions in implementing the whole process of change. The top managers of the company made some important decisions that would help the company achieve a market share of 50%. The decision became quite a risky one due to the prevailing economic crisis in turkey (Kotler, 2012). Thus to ensure smooth going of the decision the company decided to seek help from the academic people of the Turkish University. Therefore, under the guidance received from the external consultant efforts for change implemented on enhancing the physical working conditions and proper task division among the managers and employees. The external consultants also helped in designing the career plans for the younger generations and at the same time implementation of principle involving right job for right person (Stahl et al., 2013). Implementation However, the implementation of the decisions made by the managers of the company analyzed from the point of view of the theory of psychology. As per transactional analysis put forward by (Clarkson, 2013) there are three states of ego of human psyche namely parent, adult and child. The mentioned company however makes use of the adult state. This is because this analysis has strong objectives and involves easy evaluation and criticism. However, while implementing decisions, evaluation of results done by the top managers who also face the real effect of the change process and thereby make necessary adjustment for ensuring that correct direction of the change implemented. Results However, after two years of the implementation of the change process through suggestions received from external counselors, the employee loyalty towards the company along with job satisfaction increased greatly. This also enhanced the profitability of the company by 25% more than the previous year. The company was also able to extend their sale and at the same time have two stores in and around the small town of Izmir (Kalpakc? nverdi, 2016). However, through the cooperation received by the external counselors also extended to the newly opened stores in Izmir that forecasted not only a bright future but in also bringing in good results. Justifications Analysis of Psychology for the process of decision making by the managers is an important factor in determining the future prospects of the company. If there fault in the decision making process of the top managers then the company might face huge crisis that might also affect employee morale and loyalty towards the company (Skudiene Auruskeviciene, 2012). Various psychological theories can be adopted for the analysis of the decision making process. These include behaviorist theory, humanist theory, psychoanalytic theory, neurobiological theory and cognitive theory. The company under discussion however follows the psychoanalytic approach for decision-making. However, the changing strategy of Yellow Auto Company looked upon from the perspective of psychology of the decision makers. According to (Ford Richardson, 2013), four factors are responsible for influencing individuals in the decision making process. These four factors include perceived risk, social factors, hedonistic factors and sense of self. The factors not only suit the consumers but also are also an important in driving decision-making process for the decider. However, if the consumer level is considered and people are expressing interest in buying the products from the company then they must also have a level of satisfaction. This can however be said that all human beings possess the potentiality of hedonistic factors. Thus, good products and services can not only help the consumers attain superiority but also ensures a sense of satisfaction. They have perceived risk in their mind lowered through face-to-face communication by the employees of the company. The employees of th e company can also assure the consumers through messages and phone calls thereby enhancing the trust in the company while ensuring a family feeling. Thus, the managers must train the employees to get familiar with the psychology of the consumers for better marketing future and management. Now if the matter considered from the managers perspective then they are also the decision makers of the company and is responsible for the companys development. Thus, sense of self is a crucial factor for the shareholders and the managers. Moreover, their experience regarding the car market will help them analyze it. However, given the economic crisis in Turkey getting a 50% market share would be a huge challenge. Therefore, the top manager needed to be smart enough to conduct certain action regarding the perceived risk. Instead, they asked for help from the academicians of the local university. Thus, social factors put to use that ensured the successful change process (Cummings Holmberg, 2012). The external consultants acted professionally in not only analyzing the psychology of the employees but also at the same time ensured good suggestions to the managers which in a way increased the commitment and satisfaction of the employees. Thus, the company had quite a good market share that was close to 54% percent in 2008. Therefore, it can be concluded that the understanding the manager and employee psychology is a crucial part of Organizational development. SWOT analysis of Decisions Made (Langley et al., 2013) proposed a Perpetual Process Model for assisting the analysis of decision-making process. The proposed consisted of three parts namely emotional maker response and selective attention, interpretation and perpetual organization and behavior and attitude. Through the perpetual process model, the strengths and weakness of the decisions regarding the case interpreted. First, let one consider that emotional response and selective attention made under an environmental stimuli. However, this depends on innumerable factors like the assumptions and anticipations of events occurring in the future and the characteristics shown by the perceiver. In this context, Yellow Auto Company performed quite well as the top managers were able to perceive the right trend for marketing and at the same time anticipated a feasible and bright goal for the company(10). The next part is the perpetual interpretation and organization that deals with mental process. While undertaking the parti cular step the managers and perceivers must initiate categorical thinking along with perpetual grouping for making sure that there is feasibility of the anticipations and assumptions made. In this regard, the top managers of the discussed company followed the particular step through cooperation with the academicians for guarantying smooth running of the change process. This proves to be one of the strong points of the case. The aim of the top managers not only enhances the job satisfaction of the employees but also their commitment by doing a psychological analysis. In this regard, for future organizational development though it is necessary for the employees to have loyalty and good morale but can sometimes prove risky if top managers solely focus on the psyche analysis of its employees leaving aside more important issues like flexible future and marketing wave. Thus if there is any change of marketing on a sudden basis then efforts would go waste. The competitors of the Yellow Aut o Company can be quite aware of the aspect that is also a weak point on the part of the company. Given the scenario if the companies still pay more attention on the psychological aspect of the employees as well as the managers could be in a bigger trouble (Mintzberg, 2013). The last step to consider is by the attitude and behavior that is the last step of the perpetual process model under discussion where the behavior and attitude of the employees have turned averse due to various reasons. Recommendations The results of change process put forward by Yellow Auto Company showed that the company did quite a good job. However, there are still areas that need improvement. Thus, there are certain recommendations that will act advantageous for the company and will help in improving the process of decision making in future. Firstly, the company should continue with the adjustments made on the maintenance of current commitment and job satisfaction of the employees. At the same time, there is also a need for increasing the morale of the employees that ensure people to treat the company as a part of their own family so that they can ensure 100% dedication while working. In addition to this, the company must continue to ensure right person for the right job that will not only save a lot of time for the managers but also the employees (Sageer, Rafat Agarwal, 2012). In this context, if the psychological perspective considered the change process will also help in enhancing the loyalty and morale of the employees to certain extent. This is because, people realizes the sense of being valued. However, other source of perpetual process bias exists that requires more attention. The Yellow Auto Company must consider these perpetual processes otherwise there will be a slow down of the developmental process of the company. For instance, the attribution error results in bias of the perpetual process. Most human beings consider favorable point as results in future that can be rather be dangerous as this can misguide the top managers of the company in anticipating the real direction of marketing which will not let them implement their very first decision of acquiring a market share of 50%. The recency effect of the perpetual process is another serious bias that needs consideration. In order to avoid this bias, top managers of the company under discussion must have a future foresight that will enable them discard such biases from taking place. Lastly, the company under discussion must focus attention on the possible changes and the marketing wave. Although it is important for the employees to have a good morale and loyalty in the companys development but it could be dangerous for the top managers to solely focus their attention on the psychological analysis of the employees. In such cases, the competitors would capture the market share of the discussed company. Conclusion The report here discusses about Yellow Auto Company from the psychological perspective for analyzing the issues in decision-making. The report puts forward a brief introduction of the Yellow Auto Company along with decision taken by the company for changes in process for capturing a sizeable portion. The strength and weakness of the company discussed in the report based on the perpetual process model. The report ends in the light of providing recommendations for organizational development of the company. References Chor, D., Manova, K. (2012). Off the cliff and back? Credit conditions and international trade during the global financial crisis.Journal of international economics,87(1), 117-133. Clarkson, P. (2013).Transactional analysis psychotherapy: An integrated approach. Routledge. Cummings, J. L., Holmberg, S. R. (2012). Best-fit alliance partners: the use of critical success factors in a comprehensive partner selection process.Long Range Planning,45(2), 136-159. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Kalpakc?, A., nverdi, N. K. (2016). Integration of paratransit systems with inner-city bus transport: the case of Izmir.Public Transport,8(3), 405-426. Kotler on marketing Kotler, P. (2012).. Simon and Schuster. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H., Van de Ven, A. H. (2013). Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy ofManagement Journal,56(1), 1-13. Mintzberg, H. (2013).Simply managing: What managers doand can do better. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Sageer, A., Rafat, S., Agarwal, P. (2012). Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization.IOSR Journal of business and management,5(1), 32-39. Skudiene, V., Auruskeviciene, V. (2012). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to internal employee motivation.Baltic journal of management,7(1), 49-67. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S. S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., ... Wright, P. (2012). Six principles of effective global talent management.Sloan Management Review,53(2), 25-42.